![]() Childhood cancer survivors are at significantly increased risk of relapse, second malignancy, and long-term late effects, including cardiovascular and pulmonary dysfunction, endocrine disorders such as metabolic syndrome, and others. ĭespite improvements in survival, childhood cancer survivors still face a high risk of therapy-related complications or adverse effects that persist or arise after completion of treatment. In South Korea, the 5-year survival rate among patients with childhood cancers overall was 81.7% in 2014. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cancer Statistics Review, the 5-year survival rate of children with leukemia 0-19 years of age in the United States is 84.1% and the 5-year survival rate of patients with childhood brain and central nervous system cancers is 74.8%. Survival rates associated with childhood cancers continue to improve, partly due to advances in diagnostic techniques and treatment modalities along with clinical research.
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